Monorepos offer powerful solutions for managing complex codebases. Let's explore advanced strategies for implementing and maintaining monorepo architectures effectively.
Understanding Monorepos
Monorepos provide several advantages:
- Unified versioning
- Shared dependencies
- Atomic changes
- Code reusability
- Simplified CI/CD
Basic Setup
1. Project Structure
Organize your monorepo effectively:
.
├── apps/
│ ├── web/
│ ├── mobile/
│ └── desktop/
├── packages/
│ ├── ui/
│ ├── core/
│ └── utils/
├── tools/
│ ├── scripts/
│ └── configs/
├── package.json
└── turbo.json
2. Package Management
Set up workspace configuration:
// package.json
{
"name": "monorepo-root",
"private": true,
"workspaces": [
"apps/*",
"packages/*"
],
"scripts": {
"build": "turbo run build",
"test": "turbo run test",
"lint": "turbo run lint"
},
"devDependencies": {
"turbo": "latest"
}
}
Advanced Features
1. Build System
Implement efficient build pipelines:
// turbo.json
{
"$schema": "https://turbo.build/schema.json",
"pipeline": {
"build": {
"dependsOn": ["^build"],
"outputs": ["dist/**"]
},
"test": {
"dependsOn": ["build"],
"inputs": ["src/**/*.tsx", "test/**/*.tsx"]
},
"lint": {
"outputs": []
},
"deploy": {
"dependsOn": ["build", "test", "lint"],
"outputs": []
}
}
}
2. Dependency Management
Handle dependencies effectively:
class DependencyManager {
constructor(root) {
this.root = root;
this.workspaces = this.getWorkspaces();
}
getWorkspaces() {
const pkgJson = require(`${this.root}/package.json`);
return pkgJson.workspaces;
}
async synchronizeDependencies() {
for (const workspace of this.workspaces) {
await this.updateWorkspace(workspace);
}
}
async updateWorkspace(workspace) {
const pkgPath = `${this.root}/${workspace}/package.json`;
const pkg = require(pkgPath);
// Update dependencies to latest compatible versions
await this.updateDependencies(pkg);
// Write back updated package.json
await fs.writeFile(
pkgPath,
JSON.stringify(pkg, null, 2)
);
}
}
Version Control
1. Git Configuration
Set up Git for monorepo:
// .gitattributes
* text=auto eol=lf
*.{cmd,[cC][mM][dD]} text eol=crlf
*.{bat,[bB][aA][tT]} text eol=crlf
// .gitignore
node_modules/
.turbo/
dist/
coverage/
.env
// .git-blame-ignore-revs
# Large formatting changes
a1b2c3d4e5f6g7h8i9j0k1l2m3n4o5p6q7r8s9
2. Commit Conventions
Implement structured commits:
class CommitValidator {
constructor() {
this.patterns = {
type: /^(feat|fix|docs|style|refactor|test|chore)/,
scope: /^\([a-z-]+\)/,
subject: /^[a-z].+$/
};
}
validateMessage(message) {
const [firstLine] = message.split('\n');
const [type, scope, ...subjectParts] =
firstLine.split(/[:(]/);
return (
this.patterns.type.test(type) &&
(!scope || this.patterns.scope.test(scope)) &&
this.patterns.subject.test(
subjectParts.join('').trim()
)
);
}
}
CI/CD Implementation
1. Pipeline Configuration
Set up efficient CI/CD:
// .github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI
on:
push:
branches: [main]
pull_request:
branches: [main]
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Setup Node.js
uses: actions/setup-node@v2
with:
node-version: '18'
cache: 'yarn'
- name: Install dependencies
run: yarn install --frozen-lockfile
- name: Build
run: yarn build
- name: Test
run: yarn test
- name: Lint
run: yarn lint
2. Cache Management
Implement efficient caching:
class CacheManager {
constructor() {
this.cacheDir = '.turbo';
}
async saveCache(key, data) {
const path = `${this.cacheDir}/${key}`;
await fs.writeFile(
path,
JSON.stringify(data)
);
}
async loadCache(key) {
const path = `${this.cacheDir}/${key}`;
try {
const data = await fs.readFile(path);
return JSON.parse(data);
} catch {
return null;
}
}
async invalidateCache(pattern) {
const files = await glob(
`${this.cacheDir}/${pattern}`
);
await Promise.all(
files.map(file => fs.unlink(file))
);
}
}
Testing Strategy
1. Test Configuration
Set up comprehensive testing:
// jest.config.base.js
module.exports = {
testEnvironment: 'node',
transform: {
'^.+\\.tsx?